Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 9
The four tail spikes of Stegosaurus are called a thagomizer, a name scientists borrowed from a funny cartoon; an Allosaurus bone has a hole that fits a spike.
Who acts: scientists, Allosaurus bone, hole, Stegosaurus · What happens: call, borrow, have, fit, spike · To what, where: four tail spikes, name, funny cartoon, hole, spike · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, Allosaurus bone, hole, Stegosaurus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 spikes | det |
| 2 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 spikes | nummod |
| 3 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spikes | compound |
| 4 | spikes | spike | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 called | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Stegosaurus | case |
| 6 | Stegosaurus | Stegosaurus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 spikes | nmod |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 called | aux:pass |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 thagomizer | det |
| 10 | thagomizer | thagomizer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 called | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 thagomizer | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 name | det |
| 13 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 thagomizer | appos |
| 14 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 borrowed | nsubj |
| 15 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 name | acl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 cartoon | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 cartoon | det |
| 18 | funny | funny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cartoon | amod |
| 19 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 borrowed | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 has | punct |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 bone | det |
| 22 | Allosaurus | Allosaurus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 bone | compound |
| 23 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 has | nsubj |
| 24 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 called | parataxis |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 hole | det |
| 26 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 has | obj |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 fits | nsubj |
| 28 | fits | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 hole | acl:relcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 spike | det |
| 30 | spike | spike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fits | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 called | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | present · passive | the four tail spikes of Stegosaurus | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 2 | borrow | past | scientists | a name not said here | a funny cartoon | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent name=Theme from cartoon=Source | |||
| 3 | have | present | a Allosaurus bone | a hole | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient | ||||
| 4 | fit | present | a hole | a spike | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spike=Patient | ||||
| 5 | spike | Stegosaurus | nom spike «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/9/