Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes, sentence 2

Its famous curved toe claw was held up off the ground and used like a hook to pin prey down, the way a hawk grips a rabbit, rather than as a knife.

Who acts: hawk · What happens: hold up, use, pin down, grip · To what, where: famous curved toe claw, prey, rabbit

This is a sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 claw	nmod:poss
2	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 claw	amod
3	curved	curve	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 claw	amod
4	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 claw	compound
5	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 held	aux:pass
7	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 held	compound:prt
9	off	off	ADP	_	11 ground	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ground	det
11	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 used	cc
13	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 held	conj
14	like	like	ADP	_	16 hook	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hook	det
16	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 used	obl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 pin	mark
18	pin	pin	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 used	advcl
19	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 pin	obj
20	down	down	ADV	_	18 pin	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 grips	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 way	det
23	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	obl
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 hawk	det
25	hawk	hawk	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 grips	nsubj
26	grips	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 way	acl:relcl
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 rabbit	det
28	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 grips	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 knife	punct
30	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	34 knife	cc
31	than	than	ADP	_	30 rather	fixed
32	as	as	ADP	_	30 rather	fixed
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 knife	det
34	knife	knife	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 grips	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 held	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hold up	past · passive		bone's famous curved toe claw	off the ground; the way obl	vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	use	past			like a hook	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	pin down	to-infinitive		prey	down property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient
4	grip	present	a hawk	a rabbit	a knife obl	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabbit=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/2/