Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate, sentence 10

The first feathers were simple threads like a chick's down; they kept animals warm, then grew bigger for show, and only later were used for flight.

Who acts: first feathers, feathers · What happens: be, keep, grow, use · To what, where: simple threads, animals

This is a sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first feathers, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 feathers	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 feathers	amod
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 threads	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 threads	cop
5	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 threads	amod
6	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	11 down	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 chick	det
9	chick	chick	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 down	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 chick	case
11	down	down	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 threads	nmod
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 kept	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 kept	nsubj
14	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 threads	parataxis
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 kept	obj
16	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 kept	xcomp
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 grew	punct
18	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	19 grew	advmod
19	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 kept	conj
20	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 grew	xcomp
21	for	for	ADP	_	22 show	case
22	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 grew	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 used	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 used	cc
25	only	only	ADV	_	26 later	advmod
26	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	28 used	advmod
27	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 used	aux:pass
28	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 threads	conj
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 flight	case
30	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 used	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 threads	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the first feathers	simple threads		like a chick's down	tree rules
2	keep	past	feathers = feather	animals		warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
3	grow	past	feathers = feather not said here		then	for show; big property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	use	past · passive	the first feathers not said here			for flight; late property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/10/