Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate, sentence 16

Early birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis had teeth; modern birds lost their teeth and grew light beaks, which helps them fly.

Who acts: Early birds, modern birds, light beaks, Birds · What happens: have, lose, grow, help, fly · To what, where: teeth, light beaks, Birds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Early birds, modern birds, light beaks, Birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 birds	amod
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 had	nsubj
3	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	5 Hesperornis	case
4	as	as	ADP	_	3 such	fixed
5	Hesperornis	Hesperornis	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 birds	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Ichthyornis	cc
7	Ichthyornis	Ichthyornis	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Hesperornis	conj
8	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 had	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 lost	punct
11	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 birds	amod
12	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 lost	nsubj
13	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 had	parataxis
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 teeth	nmod:poss
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 lost	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 grew	cc
17	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 lost	conj
18	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 beaks	amod
19	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 grew	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 helps	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 helps	nsubj
22	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 beaks	acl:relcl
23	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 helps	obj
24	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 helps	xcomp
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 had	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	past	Early birds such Hesperornis and Ichthyornis	teeth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	lose	past	modern birds	Birds's teeth	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality
3	grow	past	modern birds not said here	light beaks	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location beak=Theme
4	help	present	light beaks	Birds = bird	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
5	fly	infinitive	Birds = bird not said here		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/16/