Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate, sentence 3

The first feathers were simple fluff like a chick's down, for warmth; later they grew bigger for showing off, and only last of all were they used to fly.

Who acts: first feathers, feathers · What happens: be, grow, show off, fly · To what, where: simple fluff, feathers

This is a sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first feathers, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 feathers	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 feathers	amod
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fluff	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 fluff	cop
5	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fluff	amod
6	fluff	fluff	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 used	parataxis
7	like	like	ADP	_	11 down	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 chick	det
9	chick	chick	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 down	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 chick	case
11	down	down	ADV	_	6 fluff	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 down	punct
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 warmth	case
14	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 down	obl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 grew	punct
16	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 grew	advmod
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 grew	nsubj
18	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 fluff	parataxis
19	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 grew	xcomp
20	for	for	SCONJ	_	21 showing	mark
21	showing	show	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 grew	advcl
22	off	off	ADP	_	21 showing	compound:prt
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 last	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 last	cc
25	only	only	ADV	_	26 last	advmod
26	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fluff	conj
27	of	of	ADP	_	28 all	case
28	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	26 last	nmod
29	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 used	cop
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 used	nsubj:pass
31	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
32	to	to	PART	_	33 fly	mark
33	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 used	xcomp
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fluff	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the first feathers	simple fluff	down property	tree rules
2	grow	past	feathers = feather		big, late property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	show off	gerund	feathers = feather not said here			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	be		the first feathers not said here		of all	tree rules
5	is	past · passive		feathers = feather	use property	tree rules
6	fly	to-infinitive				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/3/