Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 10
Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, wear sea sponges on their beaks to protect them while digging for fish, a trick passed mostly from mothers to daughters.
Who acts: dolphins · What happens: wear, protect, dig, pass · To what, where: sea sponges, beaks, sponges, trick, daughters
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 dolphins | det |
| 2 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 Bay | case |
| 4 | Shark | Shark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Bay | compound |
| 5 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 dolphins | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Australia | punct |
| 7 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Bay | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Australia | punct |
| 9 | wear | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sponges | compound |
| 11 | sponges | sponge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | obj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 beaks | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 beaks | nmod:poss |
| 14 | beaks | beak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 protect | mark |
| 16 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 wear | advcl |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 protect | obj |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 digging | mark |
| 19 | digging | dig | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 protect | advcl |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 fish | case |
| 21 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 digging | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 trick | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 trick | det |
| 24 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sponges | conj |
| 25 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 trick | acl |
| 26 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 25 passed | advmod |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 mothers | case |
| 28 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 passed | obl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 daughters | case |
| 30 | daughters | daughter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 passed | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 wear | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | present | some dolphins in Shark Bay | sea sponges and a trick | sponges's beaks | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sponge=Theme | |||
| 2 | protect | to-infinitive | some dolphins in Shark Bay not said here | sponges = sponge | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | dig | gerund | some dolphins in Shark Bay not said here | for fish | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for fish=Theme | ||||
| 4 | pass | participle | a trick not said here | daughters | from mothers; mostly property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from mother=Initial_Location to daughter=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/10/