Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 14
Sea lions have small outer ears, can turn their back flippers forward to walk, and swim with their front flippers; true seals have no outer ears and swim with their back flippers.
Who acts: Sea lions, true seals · What happens: have, turn, walk, swim · To what, where: small outer ears, back flippers, outer ears
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea lions, true seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lions | compound |
| 2 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ears | amod |
| 5 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ears | amod |
| 6 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 turn | punct |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 turn | aux |
| 9 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 have | conj |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 flippers | nmod:poss |
| 11 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 flippers | compound |
| 12 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 turn | obj |
| 13 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 9 turn | advmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 walk | mark |
| 15 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 turn | advcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 swim | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 swim | cc |
| 18 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | conj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 flippers | case |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 flippers | nmod:poss |
| 21 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 flippers | amod |
| 22 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 swim | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 have | punct |
| 24 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 seals | amod |
| 25 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 have | nsubj |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 swim | parataxis |
| 27 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 ears | det |
| 28 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 ears | amod |
| 29 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 have | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 swim | cc |
| 31 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 have | conj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 flippers | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 flippers | nmod:poss |
| 34 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 flippers | compound |
| 35 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 swim | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Sea lions | small outer ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 2 | turn | can | Sea lions not said here | ears's back flippers | forward property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flipper=Theme | |||
| 3 | walk | to-infinitive | Sea lions not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | swim | present | Sea lions not said here | with ears's front flippers | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with flipper=Theme | ||||
| 5 | have | present | true seals | no outer ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 6 | swim | present | true seals not said here | with flippers's back flippers | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with flipper=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/14/