Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos, sentence 11
Megatherium was a ground sloth as big as an elephant in South America; it stood on its hind legs to reach leaves with its long claws and died out about 10,000 years ago.
Who acts: Megatherium, elephant · What happens: be, stand, reach, die out · To what, where: ground sloth, South America, hind legs, leaves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Megatherium, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Megatherium | Megatherium | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 sloth | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sloth | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 sloth | det |
| 4 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sloth | compound |
| 5 | sloth | sloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 big | advmod |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sloth | amod |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 elephant | case |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 elephant | det |
| 10 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 big | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 America | case |
| 12 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 America | compound |
| 13 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 sloth | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 stood | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 stood | nsubj |
| 16 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sloth | parataxis |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 legs | case |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 legs | nmod:poss |
| 19 | hind | hind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 legs | amod |
| 20 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 stood | obl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 reach | mark |
| 22 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 stood | advcl |
| 23 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 reach | obj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 claws | case |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 claws | nmod:poss |
| 26 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 claws | amod |
| 27 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 reach | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 died | cc |
| 29 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 stood | conj |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 29 died | compound:prt |
| 31 | about | about | ADV | _ | 32 10,000 | advmod |
| 32 | 10,000 | 10000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 years | nummod |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 29 died | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sloth | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Megatherium | a ground sloth | South America | tree rules | |||
| 2 | stand | past | elephant | elephant's hind legs | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location | ||||
| 3 | reach | to-infinitive | elephant not said here | leaves | with elephant's long claws | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | |||
| 4 | die out | past | elephant not said here | ago property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/11/