Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos, sentence 16

Africa kept more of its big animals, perhaps because they grew up alongside people and learned to fear them.

Who acts: Africa, people · What happens: keep, grow up, learn, fear · To what, where: more, people

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 kept	nsubj
2	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 kept	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 animals	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 animals	nmod:poss
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 animals	amod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 more	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 grew	punct
9	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	12 grew	advmod
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 grew	mark
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 grew	nsubj
12	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 kept	advcl
13	up	up	ADP	_	12 grew	compound:prt
14	alongside	alongside	ADP	_	15 people	case
15	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 grew	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 learned	cc
17	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 grew	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 fear	mark
19	fear	fear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 learned	xcomp
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 fear	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kept	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	keep	past	Africa	more of relative's big animals		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
2	grow up	past	people		alongside people; perhaps property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside people=Location
3	learn	past	people not said here			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	fear	to-infinitive	people not said here	people		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/16/