Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos, sentence 4

Almost everywhere people arrived, the giants vanished within a few thousand years, while the climate was also changing; elephants, rhinos and hippos in Africa are survivors of that age of giants.

Who acts: people, giants, climate, elephants · What happens: arrive, vanish, change, be · To what, where: survivors

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, giants, climate, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Almost	almost	ADV	_	2 everywhere	advmod
2	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 arrived	advmod
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 arrived	nsubj
4	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 vanished	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 giants	det
7	giants	giant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 vanished	nsubj
8	vanished	vanish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 arrived	conj
9	within	within	ADP	_	13 years	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 years	det
11	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 years	amod
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 vanished	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 changing	punct
15	while	while	SCONJ	_	20 changing	mark
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 climate	det
17	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 changing	nsubj
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 changing	aux
19	also	also	ADV	_	20 changing	advmod
20	changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 vanished	advcl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 elephants	punct
22	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 survivors	nsubj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 rhinos	punct
24	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 elephants	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 hippos	cc
26	hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 elephants	conj
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 Africa	case
28	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 elephants	nmod
29	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 survivors	cop
30	survivors	survivor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 arrived	parataxis
31	of	of	ADP	_	33 age	case
32	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	33 age	det
33	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 survivors	nmod
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 giants	case
35	giants	giant	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 age	nmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 arrived	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	arrive	past	people			everywhere property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	vanish	past	the giants		year		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	change	past · progressive	the climate				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	elephants in Africa and rhinos and hippos	survivors	of that age of giants		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/4/