Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants, sentence 2

Warmth and air helped: big insects breathe through tubes, which works better with more oxygen, and cold-blooded snakes like 13-metre Titanoboa can grow bigger where it is hotter.

Who acts: Warmth, big insects, tubes, blooded snakes, world · What happens: help, breathe, work, grow, be · To what, where: tubes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Warmth, big insects, tubes, blooded snakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 helped	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 air	cc
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warmth	conj
4	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 breathe	punct
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 insects	amod
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 breathe	nsubj
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 helped	parataxis
9	through	through	ADP	_	10 tubes	case
10	tubes	tube	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 breathe	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 better	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 works	nsubj
13	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tubes	acl:relcl
14	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 works	advmod
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 oxygen	case
16	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 oxygen	amod
17	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 works	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 snakes	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 grow	cc
20	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 blooded	amod
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 cold	punct
22	blooded	blooded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 snakes	amod
23	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 grow	nsubj
24	like	like	ADP	_	28 Titanoboa	case
25	13	13	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	27 metre	nummod
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	27 metre	punct
27	metre	metre	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 Titanoboa	compound
28	Titanoboa	Titanoboa	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 snakes	nmod
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 grow	aux
30	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 breathe	conj
31	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	30 grow	xcomp
32	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	35 hotter	advmod
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 hotter	nsubj
34	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 hotter	cop
35	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	31 bigger	advcl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 helped	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	help	past	Warmth and air			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	breathe	present	big insects	tubes		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	work	present	tubes		with more oxygen; well property	vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with oxygen=Co-Agent
4	grow	can	blooded snakes like metre Titanoboa		big property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	world		hot property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/2/