Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants, sentence 5

Terror birds were meat-eating birds of South America with small wings they could not fly with, some about 3 metres tall, with hooked beaks like axes; they lived until about 2 million years ago.

Who acts: Terror birds, birds · What happens: be, not fly, hook, live · To what, where: meat eating birds, small wings

This is a sentence of the lesson «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Terror birds, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Terror	terror	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 birds	compound
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 birds	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 birds	cop
4	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 birds	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 meat	punct
6	eating	eating	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 birds	amod
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 America	case
9	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 America	compound
10	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 birds	nmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 wings	case
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 wings	amod
13	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 birds	nmod
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 fly	nsubj
15	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 fly	aux
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 fly	advmod
17	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 wings	acl:relcl
18	with	with	ADP	_	17 fly	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 metres	punct
20	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	23 metres	det
21	about	about	ADV	_	22 3	advmod
22	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 metres	nummod
23	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 birds	conj
24	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 metres	amod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 beaks	punct
26	with	with	ADP	_	28 beaks	case
27	hooked	hook	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 beaks	amod
28	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 tall	obl
29	like	like	ADP	_	30 axes	case
30	axes	ax	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 beaks	nmod
31	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 lived	punct
32	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 lived	nsubj
33	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 birds	parataxis
34	until	until	ADP	_	38 years	case
35	about	about	ADV	_	37 million	advmod
36	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	37 million	compound
37	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	38 years	nummod
38	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 lived	obl:unmarked
39	ago	ago	ADV	_	38 years	advmod
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 birds	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Terror birds	meat eating birds and some 3 metres		of South America; with small wings	tree rules
2	not fly	could	birds = bird	small wings not said here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme
3	hook	participle					vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
4	live	past	birds = bird		year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/5/