Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 16

Petrified wood is wood turned to stone as minerals replaced it cell by cell; the Petrified Forest in Arizona is full of it, and tree rings can still be seen.

Who acts: Petrified wood, minerals, Petrified Forest · What happens: be, turn, replace, petrify, see · To what, where: wood, stone, tree rings

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petrified wood, minerals, Petrified Forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Petrified	petrify	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 wood	amod
2	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wood	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wood	cop
4	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 wood	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 stone	case
7	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obl
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 replaced	mark
9	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 replaced	nsubj
10	replaced	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 turned	advcl
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 replaced	obj
12	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 replaced	obl:unmarked
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 cell	case
14	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cell	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 wood	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Forest	det
17	Petrified	petrify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 Forest	amod
18	Forest	Forest	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 full	nsubj
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Arizona	case
20	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Forest	nmod
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 full	cop
22	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 wood	parataxis
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 it	case
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 full	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 seen	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 seen	cc
27	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 rings	compound
28	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 seen	nsubj:pass
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 seen	aux
30	still	still	ADV	_	32 seen	advmod
31	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	32 seen	aux:pass
32	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 full	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wood	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Petrified wood	wood				tree rules
2	turn	participle		wood not said here	stone			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory
3	replace	past	minerals	wood			cell by cell obl:unmarked	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
4	petrify	participle						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	is	present	the Petrified Forest in Arizona				of wood; full property	tree rules
6	see	can · passive		tree rings		still		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/16/