Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 6

A shell or bone becomes a fossil when it is buried in mud or sand and minerals carried by water slowly fill or replace it.

Who acts: shell, minerals · What happens: become, bury, carry, fill, replace · To what, where: fossil, mud, minerals

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 becomes	nsubj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 bone	cc
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shell	conj
5	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fossil	det
7	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 becomes	xcomp
8	when	when	SCONJ	_	11 buried	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 buried	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 buried	aux:pass
11	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 becomes	advcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 mud	case
13	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 buried	obl
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 sand	cc
15	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mud	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 minerals	cc
17	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 mud	conj
18	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 minerals	acl
19	by	by	ADP	_	20 water	case
20	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 carried	obl
21	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	22 fill	advmod
22	fill	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 minerals	acl:relcl
23	or	or	CCONJ	_	24 replace	cc
24	replace	replace	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 fill	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 replace	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 becomes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	become	present	a shell or bone	a fossil			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	bury	present · passive		fossil	mud or sand and minerals		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination
3	carry	participle		minerals not said here		by water	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	fill	present	minerals not said here			slowly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	replace	infinitive	minerals not said here	fossil			vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/6/