How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life, sentence 12
About 540 million years ago many kinds of animals with eyes, shells and legs appeared fairly quickly in the fossil record; this is called the Cambrian explosion, and strange animals like Anomalocaris and five-eyed Opabinia lived then.
Who acts: many kinds, strange animals · What happens: appear, call, live · To what, where: fossil record, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many kinds, strange animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 3 million | advmod |
| 2 | 540 | 540 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 million | compound |
| 3 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 years | nummod |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 16 appeared | advmod |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 kinds | amod |
| 7 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 appeared | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 animals | case |
| 9 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kinds | nmod |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 eyes | case |
| 11 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 animals | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 shells | punct |
| 13 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 eyes | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 legs | cc |
| 15 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 eyes | conj |
| 16 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 called | parataxis |
| 17 | fairly | fairly | ADV | _ | 18 quickly | advmod |
| 18 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 16 appeared | advmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 record | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 record | det |
| 21 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 record | compound |
| 22 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 appeared | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 called | punct |
| 24 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 called | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 called | aux:pass |
| 26 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 explosion | det |
| 28 | Cambrian | cambrian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 explosion | compound |
| 29 | explosion | explosion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 called | xcomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 lived | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 lived | cc |
| 32 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 animals | amod |
| 33 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 lived | nsubj |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 Anomalocaris | case |
| 35 | Anomalocaris | Anomalocaris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 animals | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 Opabinia | cc |
| 37 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 eyed | nummod |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 five | punct |
| 39 | eyed | eye | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 Opabinia | amod |
| 40 | Opabinia | Opabinia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Anomalocaris | conj |
| 41 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 called | conj |
| 42 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 lived | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | many kinds of animals with eyes and shells and legs | the fossil record | ago, quickly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in record=Location | |||
| 2 | call speech: assert | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | live | past | strange animals like Anomalocaris and eyed Opabinia | then | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/12/