How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life, sentence 8

DNA breaks down over time, and no dinosaur DNA has ever been found; the oldest DNA read so far is about 2 million years old, from soil in Greenland.

Who acts: DNA, oldest DNA · What happens: break down, find, read, be · To what, where: dinosaur DNA, oldest DNA, soil

This is a sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DNA, oldest DNA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breaks	nsubj
2	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 breaks	compound:prt
4	over	over	ADP	_	5 time	case
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breaks	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 found	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 found	cc
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 DNA	det
9	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 DNA	compound
10	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 found	nsubj:pass
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 found	aux
12	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	14 found	advmod
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 found	aux:pass
14	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 breaks	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 read	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 DNA	det
17	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	18 DNA	amod
18	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 old	nsubj
19	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 DNA	acl:relcl
20	so	so	ADV	_	21 far	advmod
21	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	19 read	advmod
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 old	cop
23	about	about	ADV	_	25 million	advmod
24	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 million	compound
25	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 years	nummod
26	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 old	obl:unmarked
27	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 breaks	parataxis
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 soil	punct
29	from	from	ADP	_	30 soil	case
30	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 old	obl
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 Greenland	case
32	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 soil	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breaks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break down	present	DNA			time		vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	find	present · perfect · passive		no dinosaur DNA		ever		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	read	participle		the oldest DNA not said here			far property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	the oldest DNA		soil in Greenland	year	old property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/8/