DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 15

Animals shed skin and slime into water, so testing a cup of lake water can show which fish, frogs or rare animals live there; this is called environmental DNA.

Who acts: Animals, testing, fish · What happens: shed, test, show, live, call · To what, where: skin, water, cup, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, testing, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 shed	nsubj
2	shed	shed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shed	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 slime	cc
5	slime	slime	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skin	conj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 testing	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 testing	advmod
10	testing	test	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 show	csubj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cup	det
12	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 testing	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 water	case
14	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 water	compound
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cup	nmod
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 show	aux
17	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 shed	parataxis
18	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	19 fish	det
19	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 live	nsubj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 frogs	punct
21	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 fish	conj
22	or	or	CCONJ	_	24 animals	cc
23	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 animals	amod
24	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 frogs	conj
25	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 show	ccomp
26	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	25 live	advmod
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 shed	punct
28	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	30 called	nsubj:pass
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 called	aux:pass
30	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 shed	parataxis
31	environmental	environmental	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 DNA	amod
32	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 called	xcomp
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 shed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	shed	present	Animals	skin and slime	water	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skin=Source
2	test	gerund		a cup of lake water		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Theme
3	show	can	testing			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	live	present	which fish and frogs or rare animals		there	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	call	present · passive		this		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/15/