Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 2
Repeat that over thousands of generations and the average neck grows longer; this is natural selection, the idea of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
Who acts: you, average neck, this · What happens: repeat, grow, be · To what, where: that, thousands, natural selection
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, average neck, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Repeat | repeat | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 Repeat | obj |
| 3 | over | over | ADP | _ | 4 thousands | case |
| 4 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Repeat | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 generations | case |
| 6 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 thousands | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 grows | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 neck | det |
| 9 | average | average | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 neck | amod |
| 10 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 grows | nsubj |
| 11 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Repeat | conj |
| 12 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 11 grows | advmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 selection | punct |
| 14 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 selection | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 selection | cop |
| 16 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 selection | amod |
| 17 | selection | selection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Repeat | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 idea | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 idea | det |
| 20 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 selection | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Charles | case |
| 22 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 idea | nmod |
| 23 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Charles | flat |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 Russel | cc |
| 25 | Alfred | Alfred | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Russel | compound |
| 26 | Russel | Russel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Darwin | conj |
| 27 | Wallace | Wallace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Russel | flat |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Repeat | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | repeat | imperative | you not said here | that | thousands of generations | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | grow | present | the average neck | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | this | natural selection | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/2/