Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 6
Giraffes are born with slightly different neck lengths; those with longer necks often got more food or won more fights and left more babies, so over many generations the average neck grew longer.
Who acts: those, average neck · What happens: bear, get, win, leave, grow · To what, where: Giraffes, more food, more fights, more babies, many generations
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (those, average neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giraffes | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | aux:pass |
| 3 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 lengths | case |
| 5 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 6 different | advmod |
| 6 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lengths | amod |
| 7 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lengths | compound |
| 8 | lengths | length | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 those | punct |
| 10 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 15 got | nsubj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 necks | case |
| 12 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 necks | amod |
| 13 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 those | nmod |
| 14 | often | often | ADV | _ | 15 got | advmod |
| 15 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | parataxis |
| 16 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 food | amod |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 got | obj |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 won | cc |
| 19 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 got | conj |
| 20 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 fights | amod |
| 21 | fights | fight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 won | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 left | cc |
| 23 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 got | conj |
| 24 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 babies | amod |
| 25 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 left | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grew | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 grew | advmod |
| 28 | over | over | ADP | _ | 30 generations | case |
| 29 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 generations | amod |
| 30 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 grew | obl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 neck | det |
| 32 | average | average | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 neck | amod |
| 33 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grew | nsubj |
| 34 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | conj |
| 35 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 34 grew | advmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 born | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | Giraffes | with different neck lengths | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | get | past | those | more food | often property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | win | past | those not said here | more fights | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | leave | past | those not said here | more babies | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme | ||||
| 5 | grow | past | the average neck | over many generations | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/6/