Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 15

Most mammals stop digesting milk after babyhood, but in places where people kept cows for thousands of years, a change that keeps milk digestion spread; it is a recent example of human evolution, and grown-ups without the change, who get tummy trouble from milk, are called lactose intolerant.

Who acts: Most mammals, people, change, milk, grown ups · What happens: stop, digest, keep, be, grow, get · To what, where: milk, cows, recent example, tummy trouble, places · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most mammals, people, change, milk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 mammals	amod
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
3	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	digesting	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp
5	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 digesting	obj
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 babyhood	case
7	babyhood	babyhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 digesting	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 called	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	54 called	cc
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 places	case
11	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 called	obl
12	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	14 kept	advmod
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 kept	nsubj
14	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 places	acl:relcl
15	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 kept	obj
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 thousands	case
17	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 kept	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 years	case
19	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 thousands	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 change	punct
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 change	det
22	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 people	conj
23	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 keeps	nsubj
24	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 change	acl:relcl
25	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 keeps	obj
26	digestion	digestion	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 spread	compound
27	spread	spread	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 milk	conj
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 example	punct
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 example	nsubj
30	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 example	cop
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 example	det
32	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 example	amod
33	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stop	parataxis
34	of	of	ADP	_	36 evolution	case
35	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 evolution	amod
36	evolution	evolution	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 example	nmod
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 ups	punct
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 ups	cc
39	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	41 ups	amod
40	-	-	PUNCT	_	41 ups	punct
41	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 people	conj
42	without	without	ADP	_	44 change	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 change	det
44	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 ups	nmod
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 get	punct
46	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	47 get	nsubj
47	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 ups	acl:relcl
48	tummy	tummy	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 trouble	compound
49	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 get	obj
50	from	from	ADP	_	51 milk	case
51	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 get	obl
52	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 places	punct
53	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	54 called	aux:pass
54	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 stop	conj
55	lactose	lactose	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 intolerant	compound
56	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 called	xcomp
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stop	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Most mammals					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	digest	gerund	Most mammals not said here	milk		after babyhood		tree rules
3	keep	past	people and a change and grown ups without the change	cows			for thousands of years	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme
4	keep	present	a change	milk and digestion spread				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Theme
5	is a	present	milk	a recent example			of human evolution	tree rules
6	grow	participle						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	get	present	grown ups without the change	tummy trouble	milk			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme from milk=Source
8	call	present · passive	Most mammals not said here		places		intolerant property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/15/