Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 17
Flu viruses change quickly, and the kinds the body does not recognise spread more, so flu vaccines are updated each year; this is evolution in months, not millions of years.
Who acts: Flu viruses, body, kinds, this · What happens: change, not recognise, spread, update, be · To what, where: kinds, flu vaccines, evolution
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flu viruses, body, kinds, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 viruses | compound |
| 2 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 change | nsubj |
| 3 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 3 change | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 spread | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 spread | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 kinds | det |
| 8 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 spread | nsubj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 body | det |
| 10 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 recognise | nsubj |
| 11 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 recognise | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 recognise | advmod |
| 13 | recognise | recognise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 kinds | acl:relcl |
| 14 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 change | conj |
| 15 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 spread | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 updated | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 updated | advmod |
| 18 | flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 vaccines | compound |
| 19 | vaccines | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 updated | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 updated | aux:pass |
| 21 | updated | update | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 spread | advcl |
| 22 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 year | det |
| 23 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 updated | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 evolution | punct |
| 25 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 evolution | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 evolution | cop |
| 27 | evolution | evolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 change | parataxis |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 months | case |
| 29 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 evolution | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 millions | punct |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 millions | advmod |
| 32 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 months | conj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 years | case |
| 34 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 millions | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 change | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Flu viruses | quickly property | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not recognise | present · do-support | the body | the kinds not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kind=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | spread | present | the kinds | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | update speech: other | present · passive | flu vaccines | year | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | this | evolution | month | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/17/