Sharks, sentence 0
A shark is a fish with no bones at all: its skeleton is cartilage, the bendy stuff in your nose and ears, so it is light and flexible, and because cartilage rots away, shark fossils are mostly teeth.
Who acts: shark, skeleton, cartilage, shark fossils · What happens: be, rot away · To what, where: fish, cartilage, teeth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shark, skeleton, cartilage, shark fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 shark | det |
| 2 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fish | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fish | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 fish | det |
| 5 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 bones | case |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 bones | det |
| 8 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fish | nmod |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 all | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 bones | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 fish | punct |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 skeleton | nmod:poss |
| 13 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cartilage | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 cartilage | cop |
| 15 | cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fish | parataxis |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 stuff | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 stuff | det |
| 18 | bendy | bendy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 stuff | amod |
| 19 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cartilage | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 nose | case |
| 21 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 nose | nmod:poss |
| 22 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 stuff | nmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 ears | cc |
| 24 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 nose | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 light | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 light | advmod |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 light | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 light | cop |
| 29 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 cartilage | parataxis |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 flexible | cc |
| 31 | flexible | flexible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 light | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 teeth | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 teeth | cc |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 36 rots | mark |
| 35 | cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 rots | nsubj |
| 36 | rots | rot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 teeth | advcl |
| 37 | away | away | ADV | _ | 36 rots | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 teeth | punct |
| 39 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 fossils | compound |
| 40 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 teeth | nsubj |
| 41 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 teeth | cop |
| 42 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 43 teeth | advmod |
| 43 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fish | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fish | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a shark | a fish and teeth | with no bones at all | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | present | shark's skeleton | cartilage and the bendy stuff in your nose and ears | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | present | skeleton | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | skeleton not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | rot away | present | cartilage | away property | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | shark fossils | teeth | mostly property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/0/