Sharks, sentence 11

Some sharks, like great whites and makos, must keep swimming to push water over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest on the bottom.

Who acts: sharks, nurse sharks · What happens: keep, swim, push, rest · To what, where: water, gills, bottom

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharks, nurse sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 sharks	det
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 keep	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 whites	punct
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 whites	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 whites	amod
6	whites	white	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sharks	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 makos	cc
8	makos	mako	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 whites	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 sharks	punct
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 keep	aux
11	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 keep	xcomp
13	to	to	PART	_	14 push	mark
14	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 swimming	advcl
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 push	obj
16	over	over	ADP	_	18 gills	case
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 gills	nmod:poss
18	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 push	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 rest	punct
20	while	while	SCONJ	_	24 rest	mark
21	nurse	nurse	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sharks	compound
22	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 rest	nsubj
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 rest	aux
24	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 keep	conj
25	on	on	ADP	_	27 bottom	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 bottom	det
27	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 rest	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 keep	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	keep	must	some sharks like great whites and makos			tree rules
2	swim	gerund	some sharks like great whites and makos not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	push	to-infinitive	some sharks like great whites and makos not said here	water	makos's gills	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent water=Theme over gill=Trajectory
4	rest	can	nurse sharks		the bottom	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bottom=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/11/