Sharks, sentence 14

Shark skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal denticles that help water flow smoothly, and some swimsuits copy them.

Who acts: tiny like scales, swimsuits · What happens: cover, call, help, copy · To what, where: Shark skin, dermal denticles, water flow, denticles · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiny like scales, swimsuits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 skin	compound
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	10 scales	case
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 scales	amod
7	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 like	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 like	punct
9	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 scales	amod
10	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	obl
11	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 scales	acl
12	dermal	dermal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 denticles	amod
13	denticles	denticle	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 called	xcomp
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 help	nsubj
15	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 scales	acl:relcl
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 flow	compound
17	flow	flow	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 help	xcomp
18	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	_	17 flow	advmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 copy	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 copy	cc
21	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	22 swimsuits	det
22	swimsuits	swimsuit	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 copy	nsubj
23	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	conj
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 copy	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 covered	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		Shark skin	in tiny like scales	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme
2	call	participle	tiny like scales not said here	dermal denticles		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	help	present	tiny like scales	water flow		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
4	copy	present	some swimsuits	denticles = denticle		vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/14/