Comeback stories: bald eagles, humpback whales, condors and the kakapo, sentence 4
In the 1960s there were only about 400 nesting pairs of bald eagles in the lower 48 states of America, because DDT made their eggshells thin; after DDT was banned in 1972 and eagles were protected, there are now over 70,000 pairs.
Who acts: 400 nesting pairs, DDT · What happens: be, nest, make, ban, protect · To what, where: 1960s, eggshells, DDT, 1972, eagles, 70,000 pairs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Comeback stories: bald eagles, humpback whales, condors and the kakapo» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (400 nesting pairs, DDT), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 1960s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1960s | det |
| 3 | 1960s | 1960s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 5 were | obl |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 were | expl |
| 5 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 400 | advmod |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 400 | advmod |
| 8 | 400 | 400 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 pairs | nummod |
| 9 | nesting | nest | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 pairs | amod |
| 10 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 were | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 eagles | case |
| 12 | bald | bald | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 eagles | amod |
| 13 | eagles | eagle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pairs | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 states | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 states | det |
| 16 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 18 states | amod |
| 17 | 48 | 48 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 states | nummod |
| 18 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 were | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 America | case |
| 20 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 states | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 made | punct |
| 22 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 24 made | mark |
| 23 | DDT | DDT | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 made | nsubj |
| 24 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 were | advcl |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 eggshells | nmod:poss |
| 26 | eggshells | eggshell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 made | obj |
| 27 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 made | xcomp |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 banned | punct |
| 29 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 32 banned | mark |
| 30 | DDT | DDT | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 banned | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 banned | aux:pass |
| 32 | banned | ban | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 made | advcl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 1972 | case |
| 34 | 1972 | 1972 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 banned | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 protected | cc |
| 36 | eagles | eagle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 protected | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 protected | aux:pass |
| 38 | protected | protect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 banned | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 were | punct |
| 40 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 41 are | expl |
| 41 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 pairs | cop |
| 42 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 are | advmod |
| 43 | over | over | ADV | _ | 44 70,000 | advmod |
| 44 | 70,000 | 70,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 45 pairs | nummod |
| 45 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 were | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 were | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | 400 nesting pairs of bald eagles | the 1960s; there | in the lower 48 states of America | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1960s=Location | |||
| 2 | nest | gerund | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | make | past | DDT | pairs's eggshells | thin property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eggshell=Product | |||
| 4 | ban | past · passive | DDT | 1972 | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | protect | past · passive | eagles | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | 400 nesting pairs of bald eagles not said here | 70,000 pairs | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:282-comeback-stories-bald-eagles-humpback-whales-condors-and-the-kakapo.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/282-comeback-stories-bald-eagles-humpback-whales-condors-and-the-kakapo/4/