Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back, sentence 9
Wolves sometimes kill sheep and cattle near parks; farmers are paid for losses, and guard dogs, fences and lights help keep wolves away, so that farmers and wild animals can live side by side.
Who acts: Wolves, guard dogs, farmers · What happens: kill, pay, help, keep away, live · To what, where: sheep, parks, farmers, wolves, side
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolves, guard dogs, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 kill | nsubj |
| 2 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | _ | 3 kill | advmod |
| 3 | kill | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 kill | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 cattle | cc |
| 6 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sheep | conj |
| 7 | near | near | ADP | _ | 8 parks | case |
| 8 | parks | park | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 kill | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 kill | punct |
| 10 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 paid | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 paid | aux:pass |
| 12 | paid | pay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 kill | parataxis |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 losses | case |
| 14 | losses | loss | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 paid | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 help | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 help | cc |
| 17 | guard | guard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dogs | compound |
| 18 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 help | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 fences | punct |
| 20 | fences | fence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 dogs | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 help | cc |
| 22 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 help | nsubj |
| 23 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 paid | conj |
| 24 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 help | xcomp |
| 25 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 keep | obj |
| 26 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 keep | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 live | punct |
| 28 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 35 live | mark |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 so | fixed |
| 30 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 live | nsubj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 animals | cc |
| 32 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 animals | amod |
| 33 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 farmers | conj |
| 34 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 live | aux |
| 35 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 keep | advcl |
| 36 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 live | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 side | case |
| 38 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 side | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 kill | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | present | Wolves | sheep and cattle | parks | sometimes property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme | ||
| 2 | pay | present · passive | farmers | for losses | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Asset for loss=Theme | ||||
| 3 | help | present | guard dogs and fences | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | keep away | infinitive | guard dogs and fences not said here | wolves | away property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Theme | |||
| 5 | live | can | farmers and wild animals | side by side | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/9/