Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 1

Wild horses once ran free on the grasslands of what are now Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan, and people there learned to keep and ride them.

Who acts: Wild horses, people · What happens: run, be, learn, keep, ride · To what, where: grasslands, Ukraine, people

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wild horses, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 horses	amod
2	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ran	nsubj
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 ran	advmod
4	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ran	xcomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 grasslands	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 grasslands	det
8	grasslands	grassland	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ran	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 what	case
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	8 grasslands	nmod
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 Ukraine	cop
12	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 Ukraine	advmod
13	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 what	acl:relcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Russia	punct
15	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Ukraine	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Kazakhstan	cc
17	Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Ukraine	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 learned	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 learned	cc
20	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 learned	nsubj
21	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	20 people	advmod
22	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ran	conj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 keep	mark
24	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 learned	xcomp
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 ride	cc
26	ride	ride	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 keep	conj
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 ride	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 ran	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	Wild horses		the grasslands		free, once property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grassland=Trajectory
2	is a	present		Ukraine and Russia and Kazakhstan		now		tree rules
3	learn	past	people					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	keep	to-infinitive	people not said here					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	ride	infinitive	people not said here	people				vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/1/