Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 3

Training teaches one animal tricks in its lifetime; taming, or domestication, means people choose the calmest animals to have babies, generation after generation, until the whole kind changes.

Who acts: Training, taming, people, whole kind · What happens: teach, mean, choose, have, change · To what, where: one animal tricks, lifetime, calmest animals, babies · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Training, taming, people, whole kind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 teaches	nsubj
2	teaches	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 tricks	nummod
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tricks	compound
5	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 teaches	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 lifetime	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 lifetime	nmod:poss
8	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 teaches	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 taming	punct
10	taming	taming	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 means	nsubj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 domestication	punct
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 domestication	cc
13	domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 taming	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 means	punct
15	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 teaches	parataxis
16	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 choose	nsubj
17	choose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 means	ccomp
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 animals	det
19	calmest	calm	ADJ	Degree=Sup	20 animals	amod
20	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 choose	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 have	mark
22	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 choose	advcl
23	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 have	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 generation	punct
25	generation	generation	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 babies	appos
26	after	after	ADP	_	27 generation	case
27	generation	generation	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 generation	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 changes	punct
29	until	until	SCONJ	_	33 changes	mark
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 kind	det
31	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 kind	amod
32	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 changes	nsubj
33	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 choose	advcl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 teaches	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present	Training	one animal tricks	training's lifetime	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent trick=Recipient
2	mean	present	taming or domestication			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	choose	present	people	the calmest animals		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
4	have	to-infinitive	people not said here	babies		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient
5	change	present	the whole kind			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/3/