Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 2
A news story is like a friend at school saying «you'll never believe what I saw»: it might be true, but you ask where they saw it, when, and whether anyone else saw it too.
Who acts: news story, friend, you, school, stories, anyone · What happens: be, say, not believe, see, ask · To what, where: school · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (news story, friend, you, school), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 story | det |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 story | compound |
| 3 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 friend | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 friend | cop |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 friend | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 friend | det |
| 7 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 school | case |
| 9 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 friend | nmod |
| 10 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 friend | acl |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 15 believe | punct |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 believe | nsubj |
| 13 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 believe | aux |
| 14 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 15 believe | advmod |
| 15 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 saying | ccomp |
| 16 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 saw | obj |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 saw | nsubj |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 believe | ccomp |
| 19 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 15 believe | punct |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 true | punct |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 true | nsubj |
| 22 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 true | aux |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 true | cop |
| 24 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 friend | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 ask | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 ask | cc |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 ask | nsubj |
| 28 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 true | advcl |
| 29 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 31 saw | advmod |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 saw | nsubj |
| 31 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 ask | ccomp |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 saw | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 when | punct |
| 34 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 saw | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 saw | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 saw | cc |
| 37 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 40 saw | mark |
| 38 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 40 saw | nsubj |
| 39 | else | else | ADV | _ | 38 anyone | advmod |
| 40 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 saw | conj |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 saw | obj |
| 42 | too | too | ADV | _ | 40 saw | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 friend | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a news story | school | like a friend | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | a friend not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | not believe in a quote | future | you | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | see in a quote | past | a friend = friend | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | is | might | school | true property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | present | you | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | see | past | stories = story | school | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | see | past | anyone | school | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/2/