The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food, sentence 2
Over millions of years, living things that fit their world a little better have more young, and slowly new kinds appear, from early fish to dinosaurs, birds, wolves and us.
Who acts: living things, new kinds · What happens: live, fit, have, appear · To what, where: world, young, millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living things, new kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 2 millions | case |
| 2 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 have | obl |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 years | case |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 millions | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 millions | punct |
| 6 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 things | amod |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 have | nsubj |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 fit | nsubj |
| 9 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 things | acl:relcl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 world | nmod:poss |
| 11 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fit | obj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 little | det |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 better | obl |
| 14 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 fit | advmod |
| 15 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 17 young | advmod |
| 17 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 have | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 appear | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 appear | cc |
| 20 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 21 new | advmod |
| 21 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 kinds | amod |
| 22 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 appear | nsubj |
| 23 | appear | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 have | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 fish | punct |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 fish | case |
| 26 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 fish | amod |
| 27 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 appear | obl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 dinosaurs | case |
| 29 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 fish | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 birds | punct |
| 31 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 dinosaurs | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 wolves | punct |
| 33 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 dinosaurs | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 us | cc |
| 35 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 have | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed hedge=0
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | fit | present | living things | things's world | well property | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Patient | |||
| 3 | have | present | living things | young | millions of years | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Patient | |||
| 4 | appear | present | new kinds | from early fish to dinosaurs and birds and wolves | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/2/