Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees, sentence 8

The old story that scientists «proved» bumblebees cannot fly came from a rough sum treating a bee wing like a stiff aeroplane wing; real bee wings flap about 200 times a second and make tiny whirlwinds that give lift.

Who acts: scientists, bumblebees, old story, rough sum, real bee wings, tiny whirlwinds · What happens: prove, not fly, come, treat, flap, make · To what, where: old story, rough sum, bee wing, tiny whirlwinds, lift

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, bumblebees, old story, rough sum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 story	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 story	amod
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 came	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 proved	obj
5	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 proved	nsubj
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 proved	punct
7	proved	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 story	acl:relcl
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 proved	punct
9	bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 fly	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 fly	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 fly	advmod
12	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 proved	ccomp
13	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	from	from	ADP	_	17 sum	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 sum	det
16	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 sum	amod
17	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 came	obl
18	treating	treat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 sum	acl
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 wing	det
20	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 wing	compound
21	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 treating	obj
22	like	like	ADP	_	26 wing	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 wing	det
24	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 wing	amod
25	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 wing	compound
26	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 treating	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 flap	punct
28	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 wings	amod
29	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 wings	compound
30	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 flap	nsubj
31	flap	flap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 came	parataxis
32	about	about	ADV	_	33 200	advmod
33	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	34 times	nummod
34	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 flap	obl
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 second	det
36	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 times	nmod
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 make	cc
38	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 flap	conj
39	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 whirlwinds	amod
40	whirlwinds	whirlwind	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 make	obj
41	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	42 give	nsubj
42	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 whirlwinds	acl:relcl
43	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 give	obj
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 came	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove in a quote	past	scientists	the old story				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent that=Attribute clause=Theme
2	not fly	can	bumblebees					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	come	past	the old story		a rough sum			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sum=Initial_Location
4	treat	gerund	a rough sum not said here	a bee wing			like a stiff aeroplane wing	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wing=Recipient
5	flap	present	real bee wings			time		vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	make	present	real bee wings not said here	tiny whirlwinds				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset whirlwind=Product
7	give	present	tiny whirlwinds	lift				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/8/