Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs, sentence 3
The hard shell is really a pair of front wings turned into cases, called elytra, and they are the secret of beetles: armour that keeps the flying wings safe.
Who acts: hard shell, wings, armour · What happens: be, turn, call, keep, fly · To what, where: pair, front wings, cases, elytra, secret, flying wings · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hard shell, wings, armour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 shell | det |
| 2 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 shell | amod |
| 3 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pair | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 pair | cop |
| 5 | really | really | ADV | _ | 7 pair | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 pair | det |
| 7 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 wings | case |
| 9 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 wings | amod |
| 10 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pair | nmod |
| 11 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 wings | acl |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 cases | case |
| 13 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 turned | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 called | punct |
| 15 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 turned | conj |
| 16 | elytra | elytra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 called | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 secret | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 secret | cc |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 secret | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 secret | cop |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 secret | det |
| 22 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pair | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 beetles | case |
| 24 | beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 secret | nmod |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 armour | punct |
| 26 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 secret | conj |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 keeps | nsubj |
| 28 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 armour | acl:relcl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wings | det |
| 30 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 wings | amod |
| 31 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 keeps | obj |
| 32 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 keeps | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pair | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the hard shell | a pair and the secret and armour | of front wings | tree rules | |||
| 2 | turn | participle | front wings not said here | cases | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into case=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | elytra | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | wings = wing | the secret and armour | of beetles | tree rules | |||
| 5 | keep | present | armour | the flying wings | safe property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme | |||
| 6 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/3/