Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog, sentence 10
Wallace's flying frog of Borneo and Malaysia spreads its huge webbed feet and skin flaps like parachutes to glide down between trees, about 15 metres reported; Alfred Russel Wallace described it in the 1850s.
Who acts: flying frog · What happens: fly, spread, web, glide down, report, describe · To what, where: huge webbed feet, 15 metres, trees, tape, 1850s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flying frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wallace | Wallace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 frog | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Wallace | case |
| 3 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 frog | amod |
| 4 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 described | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Borneo | case |
| 6 | Borneo | Borneo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 frog | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Malaysia | cc |
| 8 | Malaysia | Malaysia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Borneo | conj |
| 9 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 frog | acl:relcl |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 feet | nmod:poss |
| 11 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 feet | amod |
| 12 | webbed | web | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 feet | amod |
| 13 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 spreads | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 flaps | cc |
| 15 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flaps | compound |
| 16 | flaps | flap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 feet | conj |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 parachutes | case |
| 18 | parachutes | parachute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flaps | nmod |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 glide | mark |
| 20 | glide | glide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 spreads | advcl |
| 21 | down | down | ADV | _ | 20 glide | advmod |
| 22 | between | between | ADP | _ | 23 trees | case |
| 23 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 glide | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 metres | punct |
| 25 | about | about | ADV | _ | 26 15 | advmod |
| 26 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 metres | nummod |
| 27 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 glide | obl |
| 28 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 metres | acl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 described | punct |
| 30 | Alfred | Alfred | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Wallace | flat |
| 31 | Russel | Russel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Wallace | flat |
| 32 | Wallace | Wallace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 described | nsubj |
| 33 | described | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 described | obj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 1850s | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 1850s | det |
| 37 | 1850s | 1850 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 33 described | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 described | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | spread | present | Wallace's flying frog of Borneo and Malaysia not said here | tape's huge webbed feet and skin flaps like parachutes | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme | ||||
| 3 | web | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | glide down | to-infinitive | Wallace's flying frog of Borneo and Malaysia not said here | 15 metres | trees | down property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between tree=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | report | participle | 15 metres not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | describe | past | Wallace's flying frog of Borneo and Malaysia | tape | the 1850s | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/10/