Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 2

On a mild wet spring night you may hear the pond croaking and purring as males call for partners, and on the roads nearby toads walk back to the very pond where they hatched, which is why some roads have toad signs, tunnels and volunteers with buckets.

Who acts: you, males, toads, roads · What happens: hear, croaking, purr, call, walk back, hatch · To what, where: roads, toad signs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, males, toads, roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	6 night	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 night	det
3	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 night	amod
4	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 night	amod
5	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 night	compound
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hear	obl
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 hear	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 hear	aux
9	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 pond	det
11	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 croaking	compound
12	croaking	croaking	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 hear	xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 purring	cc
14	purring	purr	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 croaking	conj
15	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 call	mark
16	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 call	nsubj
17	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 purring	advcl
18	for	for	ADP	_	19 partners	case
19	partners	partner	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 call	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 walk	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 walk	cc
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 roads	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 roads	det
24	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 walk	obl
25	nearby	nearby	ADV	Degree=Pos	24 roads	advmod
26	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 walk	nsubj
27	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 hear	conj
28	back	back	ADV	_	27 walk	advmod
29	to	to	ADP	_	32 pond	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 pond	det
31	very	very	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 pond	amod
32	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 walk	obl
33	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	35 hatched	advmod
34	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 hatched	nsubj
35	hatched	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 pond	acl:relcl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 why	punct
37	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	39 why	nsubj
38	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 why	cop
39	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	42 have	advmod
40	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	41 roads	det
41	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 have	nsubj
42	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 pond	acl:relcl
43	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 signs	compound
44	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 have	obj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 tunnels	punct
46	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 signs	conj
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 volunteers	cc
48	volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 signs	conj
49	with	with	ADP	_	50 buckets	case
50	buckets	bucket	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 volunteers	nmod
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 hear	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	may	you			night		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	croaking	gerund	you not said here					tree rules
3	purr	gerund	you not said here					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	call	present	males				for partners	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for partner=Recipient
5	walk back	present	toads		the roads		to the very pond result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to pond=Result
6	hatch	past	toads = toad					vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient
7	is	present					why property	tree rules
8	have	present	some roads	toad signs and tunnels and volunteers with buckets				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/2/