Turtles and tortoises, sentence 10

The leatherback is the biggest turtle alive: about 2 m long and over 500 kg, with a tough leathery skin instead of hard plates; it eats jellyfish, which are mostly water, so it must eat a great many, and its huge body and oily fat hold in enough warmth for it to swim in cold seas where other turtles cannot.

Who acts: leatherback, turtle, jellyfish, huge body · What happens: be, eat, hold, swim · To what, where: biggest turtle, jellyfish, water, great many, enough warmth, cold seas

This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leatherback, turtle, jellyfish, huge body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leatherback	det
2	leatherback	leatherback	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turtle	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 turtle	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 turtle	det
5	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 turtle	amod
6	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 turtle	amod
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 turtle	punct
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 2	advmod
10	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 m	nummod
11	m	m	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 long	obl:unmarked
12	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 alive	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 kg	cc
14	over	over	ADV	_	15 500	advmod
15	500	500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 kg	nummod
16	kg	kg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 long	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 skin	punct
18	with	with	ADP	_	22 skin	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 skin	det
20	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 skin	amod
21	leathery	leathery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 skin	amod
22	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 long	conj
23	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	26 plates	case
24	of	of	ADP	_	23 instead	fixed
25	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 plates	amod
26	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 skin	nmod
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 eats	punct
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 eats	nsubj
29	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 turtle	parataxis
30	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 eats	obj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 water	punct
32	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	35 water	nsubj
33	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 water	cop
34	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	35 water	advmod
35	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 jellyfish	acl:relcl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 eat	punct
37	so	so	ADV	_	40 eat	advmod
38	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 eat	nsubj
39	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	40 eat	aux
40	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 eats	parataxis
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 many	det
42	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 many	amod
43	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 eat	obj
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 hold	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 hold	cc
46	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	48 body	nmod:poss
47	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 body	amod
48	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 hold	nsubj
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 fat	cc
50	oily	oily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 fat	amod
51	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 body	conj
52	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 eat	conj
53	in	in	ADP	_	55 warmth	case
54	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	55 warmth	amod
55	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 hold	obl
56	for	for	SCONJ	_	59 swim	mark
57	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	59 swim	nsubj
58	to	to	PART	_	59 swim	mark
59	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	55 warmth	acl
60	in	in	ADP	_	62 seas	case
61	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 seas	amod
62	seas	sea	NOUN	Number=Plur	59 swim	obl
63	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	66 can	advmod
64	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	65 turtles	amod
65	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	66 can	nsubj
66	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	59 swim	advcl
67	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	66 can	advmod
68	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 turtle	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the leatherback	the biggest turtle			tree rules
2	eat	present	turtle	jellyfish			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jellyfish=Patient
3	is a	present	jellyfish	water		mostly property	tree rules
4	eat	must	turtle	a great many			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
5	hold	present	turtle's huge body and oily fat		enough warmth		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in warmth=Location
6	swim	to-infinitive	turtle		cold seas		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/10/