Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 11

Off South Africa, great whites rush up from deep water at seals and can launch fully into the air; attacking from below works because the seal cannot see into the dark water.

Who acts: great whites, seal · What happens: rush up, launch, attack, work, not see · To what, where: deep water, air, dark water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great whites, seal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Off	off	ADP	_	3 Africa	case
2	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Africa	compound
3	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 rush	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Africa	punct
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 whites	amod
6	whites	white	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rush	nsubj
7	rush	rush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	up	up	ADV	_	7 rush	advmod
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 water	amod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rush	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 seals	case
13	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rush	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 launch	cc
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 launch	aux
16	launch	launch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 rush	conj
17	fully	fully	ADV	_	16 launch	advmod
18	into	into	ADP	_	20 air	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 air	det
20	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 launch	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 rush	punct
22	attacking	attack	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 works	nsubj
23	from	from	ADP	_	24 below	case
24	below	below	ADV	_	22 attacking	obl
25	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 rush	parataxis
26	because	because	SCONJ	_	31 see	mark
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 seal	det
28	seal	seal	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 see	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 see	aux
30	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	31 see	advmod
31	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 works	advcl
32	into	into	ADP	_	35 water	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 water	det
34	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 water	amod
35	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 see	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 rush	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	rush up	present	great whites	deep water	off South Africa; at seals	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off africa=Trajectory
2	launch	can	great whites not said here		into the air result; fully property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into air=Result
3	attack	gerund				vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	work	present				vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	not see	can	the seal	the dark water		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/11/