Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 13
Great whites keep their muscles, eyes and brain warmer than the sea around them, using special blood vessels that hold the heat in, which helps them swim fast in cold water.
Who acts: Great whites, special blood vessels, Sharks · What happens: keep, use, hold in, help, swim · To what, where: muscles, special blood vessels, heat, Sharks, cold water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great whites, special blood vessels, Sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 whites | amod |
| 2 | whites | white | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 keep | nsubj |
| 3 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 muscles | nmod:poss |
| 5 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 keep | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 eyes | punct |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 muscles | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 brain | cc |
| 9 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 muscles | conj |
| 10 | warmer | warm | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 keep | xcomp |
| 11 | than | than | ADP | _ | 13 sea | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sea | det |
| 13 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 warmer | obl |
| 14 | around | around | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sea | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 using | punct |
| 17 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 keep | advcl |
| 18 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 vessels | amod |
| 19 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 vessels | compound |
| 20 | vessels | vessel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 using | obj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 hold | nsubj |
| 22 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 vessels | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 heat | det |
| 24 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hold | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 hold | compound:prt |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 helps | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 helps | nsubj |
| 28 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 hold | conj |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 helps | obj |
| 30 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 helps | xcomp |
| 31 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 swim | advmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 water | case |
| 33 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 water | amod |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 swim | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Great whites | Sharks's muscles and eyes and brain | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme | |||
| 2 | use | gerund | Great whites not said here | special blood vessels | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Patient | ||||
| 3 | hold in | present | special blood vessels | the heat | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | ||||
| 4 | help | present | Sharks = shark | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | swim | infinitive | Sharks = shark not said here | cold water | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/13/