Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks, sentence 16
Swell sharks gulp water to puff themselves up and wedge into rock cracks so a predator cannot pull them out.
Who acts: Swell sharks, predator · What happens: gulp, puff up, wedge, not pull out · To what, where: water, centimetres, rock cracks
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swell sharks, predator), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swell | swell | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sharks | amod |
| 2 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 gulp | nsubj |
| 3 | gulp | gulp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gulp | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 puff | mark |
| 6 | puff | puff | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 gulp | advcl |
| 7 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 puff | obj |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 puff | compound:prt |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 wedge | cc |
| 10 | wedge | wedge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 puff | conj |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 cracks | case |
| 12 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cracks | compound |
| 13 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 wedge | obl |
| 14 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 19 pull | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 predator | det |
| 16 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pull | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 pull | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 pull | advmod |
| 19 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 wedge | advcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 pull | obj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 pull | compound:prt |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gulp | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gulp | present | Swell sharks | water | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | ||||
| 2 | puff up | to-infinitive | Swell sharks not said here | centimetres = centimetre | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location themselves=Source | ||||
| 3 | wedge | infinitive | Swell sharks not said here | rock cracks | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into crack=Destination | ||||
| 4 | not pull out | can | a predator | centimetres = centimetre | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/16/