Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, grey, right and minke, sentence 10
Humpbacks have the longest flippers of any whale, about a third of their body length, with a row of bumps on the front edge that helps them turn tightly; engineers have copied the bumps for fan and turbine blades.
Who acts: Humpbacks, row, engineers · What happens: have, help, turn, copy · To what, where: longest flippers, humpbacks, bumps
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, grey, right and minke» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humpbacks, row, engineers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Humpbacks | humpback | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 flippers | det |
| 4 | longest | long | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 flippers | amod |
| 5 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 whale | case |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 whale | det |
| 8 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 flippers | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 length | punct |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 third | advmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 third | det |
| 12 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 16 length | amod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 length | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 length | nmod:poss |
| 15 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 length | compound |
| 16 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 flippers | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 row | punct |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 row | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 row | det |
| 20 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 length | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 bumps | case |
| 22 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 row | nmod |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 edge | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 edge | det |
| 25 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 edge | amod |
| 26 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 length | nmod |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 helps | nsubj |
| 28 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 row | acl:relcl |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 helps | obj |
| 30 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 helps | xcomp |
| 31 | tightly | tightly | ADV | _ | 30 turn | advmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 copied | punct |
| 33 | engineers | engineer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 copied | nsubj |
| 34 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 copied | aux |
| 35 | copied | copy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 helps | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 bumps | det |
| 37 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 copied | obj |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 blades | case |
| 39 | fan | fan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 blades | compound |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 turbine | cc |
| 41 | turbine | turbine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fan | conj |
| 42 | blades | blade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 copied | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Humpbacks | the longest flippers of any whale | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flipper=Patient | ||||
| 2 | help | present | a row of bumps | humpbacks = humpback | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | turn | infinitive | humpbacks = humpback not said here | tightly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | copy | present · perfect | engineers | the bumps | for fan blades | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/10/