Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 16
Most beaked whales have almost no teeth; males have just two or four, and the male strap-toothed whale's two teeth grow up over its upper jaw like straps, so it sucks squid in like a vacuum.
Who acts: Most beaked whales, males, two teeth, mammal · What happens: have, tooth, grow up, suck in · To what, where: teeth, two, upper jaw, squid
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most beaked whales, males, two teeth, mammal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 whales | amod |
| 2 | beaked | beaked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 whales | amod |
| 3 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 7 teeth | advmod |
| 6 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 teeth | det |
| 7 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 have | punct |
| 9 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 have | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | parataxis |
| 11 | just | just | ADV | _ | 12 two | advmod |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 have | obj |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 four | cc |
| 14 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 two | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 grow | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 grow | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 whale | det |
| 18 | male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 whale | amod |
| 19 | strap | strap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 toothed | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 strap | punct |
| 21 | toothed | tooth | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 whale | amod |
| 22 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 whale | case |
| 24 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 teeth | nummod |
| 25 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 grow | nsubj |
| 26 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | conj |
| 27 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 grow | compound:prt |
| 28 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 jaw | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 30 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 jaw | amod |
| 31 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 grow | obl |
| 32 | like | like | ADP | _ | 33 straps | case |
| 33 | straps | strap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 jaw | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 sucks | punct |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 sucks | advmod |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 sucks | nsubj |
| 37 | sucks | suck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | conj |
| 38 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sucks | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 sucks | compound:prt |
| 40 | like | like | ADP | _ | 42 vacuum | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 vacuum | det |
| 42 | vacuum | vacuum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sucks | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Most beaked whales | no teeth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 2 | have | present | males | two | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient | ||||
| 3 | tooth | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | grow up | present | the male toothed whale's two teeth | mammal's upper jaw like straps | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over jaw=Location | ||||
| 5 | suck in | present | mammal | squid | like a vacuum | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent squid=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/16/