Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 5
The sperm whale has the biggest brain of any animal, about 8 kilograms; its huge head works like a sound gun for very loud clicks and was once hunted for its oil, burned in lamps.
Who acts: sperm whale, huge head · What happens: have, work, hunt, burn · To what, where: biggest brain, lamps
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sperm whale, huge head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 whale | det |
| 2 | sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 whale | compound |
| 3 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 brain | det |
| 6 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 brain | amod |
| 7 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 animal | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 animal | det |
| 10 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 brain | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kilograms | punct |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 8 | advmod |
| 13 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 kilograms | nummod |
| 14 | kilograms | kilogram | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 brain | appos |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 works | punct |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 head | nmod:poss |
| 17 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 head | amod |
| 18 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 works | nsubj |
| 19 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | parataxis |
| 20 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 gun | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 gun | det |
| 22 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gun | compound |
| 23 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 works | obl |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 clicks | case |
| 25 | very | very | ADV | _ | 26 loud | advmod |
| 26 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 clicks | amod |
| 27 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 gun | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hunted | cc |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 hunted | aux:pass |
| 30 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 31 hunted | advmod |
| 31 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 works | conj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 oil | case |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 oil | nmod:poss |
| 34 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hunted | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 burned | punct |
| 36 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 hunted | advcl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 lamps | case |
| 38 | lamps | lamp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 burned | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the sperm whale | the biggest brain of any animal | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient | ||||
| 2 | work | present | animal's huge head | like a sound gun for loud clicks | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hunt | past · passive | animal's huge head not said here | for head's oil; once property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: for oil=Theme | ||||
| 4 | burn | participle | animal's huge head not said here | lamps | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lamp=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/5/