Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 1

Their wing is a hand: four very long fingers hold up a thin skin, and a short clawed thumb sticks out at the top.

Who acts: wing, four long fingers, short clawed thumb · What happens: be, hold up, claw, stick out · To what, where: hand, thin skin, top

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wing, four long fingers, short clawed thumb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 wing	nmod:poss
2	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hand	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hand	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hand	det
5	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 four	punct
7	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 fingers	nummod
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 long	advmod
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fingers	amod
10	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hold	nsubj
11	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hand	parataxis
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 hold	compound:prt
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 skin	det
14	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 skin	amod
15	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hold	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 sticks	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 sticks	cc
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 thumb	det
19	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 thumb	amod
20	clawed	claw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 thumb	amod
21	thumb	thumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sticks	nsubj
22	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 hold	conj
23	out	out	ADP	_	22 sticks	compound:prt
24	at	at	ADP	_	26 top	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 top	det
26	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sticks	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 hand	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	mammals's wing	a hand		tree rules
2	hold up	present	four long fingers	a thin skin		vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot skin=Theme
3	claw	participle				vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4	stick out	present	a short clawed thumb		the top	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme at top=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/1/