Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 3

They hunt by sound, shouting clicks too high for us to hear and listening for the echoes; a bat detector turns those clicks into sounds we can hear.

Who acts: kinds, us, bat detector, we · What happens: hunt, shout, hear, listen, turn · To what, where: clicks, sounds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kinds, us, bat detector, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 sound	case
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hunt	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 shouting	punct
6	shouting	shout	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 hunt	advcl
7	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 shouting	obj
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 high	advmod
9	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 clicks	amod
10	for	for	SCONJ	_	13 hear	mark
11	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 hear	nsubj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 hear	mark
13	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 high	advcl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 listening	cc
15	listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 shouting	conj
16	for	for	ADP	_	18 echoes	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 echoes	det
18	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 listening	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 turns	punct
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 detector	det
21	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 detector	compound
22	detector	detector	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 turns	nsubj
23	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hunt	parataxis
24	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	25 clicks	det
25	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 turns	obj
26	into	into	ADP	_	27 sounds	case
27	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 turns	obl
28	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 hear	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 hear	aux
30	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 sounds	acl:relcl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hunt	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	kinds = kind			by sound	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by sound=Location
2	shout speech: express	gerund	kinds = kind not said here	clicks			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Topic
3	hear	to-infinitive	us				vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
4	listen	gerund	kinds = kind not said here			for the echoes	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme
5	turn	present	a bat detector	that clicks	sounds		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent click=Theme into sound=Trajectory
6	hear	can	we	sounds not said here			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/3/