Rodents: the biggest group of mammals and their ever-growing teeth, sentence 15
Mice can have babies from about six weeks old, with litters of about 5 to 10 every few weeks, so numbers explode when food is plentiful; owls, foxes, weasels and cats help keep them down.
Who acts: Mice, numbers, food, owls · What happens: have, explode, be, help, keep down · To what, where: babies, old, owls
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents: the biggest group of mammals and their ever-growing teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mice, numbers, food, owls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | aux |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 old | case |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 six | advmod |
| 7 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 weeks | nummod |
| 8 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 old | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 have | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 litters | case |
| 12 | litters | litter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 weeks | case |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 5 | advmod |
| 15 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 weeks | nummod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 10 | case |
| 17 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 5 | nmod |
| 18 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 weeks | det |
| 19 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 weeks | amod |
| 20 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 litters | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 explode | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 explode | advmod |
| 23 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 explode | nsubj |
| 24 | explode | explode | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | parataxis |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 plentiful | advmod |
| 26 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 plentiful | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 plentiful | cop |
| 28 | plentiful | plentiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 explode | advcl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 owls | punct |
| 30 | owls | owl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 help | nsubj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 foxes | punct |
| 32 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 owls | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 weasels | punct |
| 34 | weasels | weasel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 owls | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 cats | cc |
| 36 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 owls | conj |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | parataxis |
| 38 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 help | xcomp |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 keep | obj |
| 40 | down | down | ADP | _ | 38 keep | compound:prt |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | can | Mice | babies | old | with litters of every 5 few weeks | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient | ||
| 2 | explode | present | numbers | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | present | food | plentiful property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | help | present | owls and foxes and weasels and cats | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | keep down | infinitive | owls and foxes and weasels and cats not said here | owls = owl | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:316-rodents-the-biggest-group-of-mammals-and-their-ever-growing-teeth.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/316-rodents-the-biggest-group-of-mammals-and-their-ever-growing-teeth/15/