Rodents: the biggest group of mammals and their ever-growing teeth, sentence 3

Each front tooth is hard enamel at the front and softer at the back, so gnawing wears the back faster and keeps a sharp chisel edge, like a knife that sharpens itself.

Who acts: front tooth, knife · What happens: be, gnaw, wear, keep, sharpen · To what, where: hard enamel, front, back, sharp chisel edge, edge

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents: the biggest group of mammals and their ever-growing teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (front tooth, knife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 tooth	det
2	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tooth	amod
3	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 enamel	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 enamel	cop
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 enamel	amod
6	enamel	enamel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 front	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 front	det
9	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 enamel	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 softer	cc
11	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 front	conj
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 back	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 back	det
14	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 softer	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 wears	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	18 wears	advmod
17	gnawing	gnaw	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	18 wears	nsubj
18	wears	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 enamel	parataxis
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 back	det
20	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 wears	obj
21	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 wears	advmod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 keeps	cc
23	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 wears	conj
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 edge	det
25	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 edge	amod
26	chisel	chisel	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 edge	compound
27	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 keeps	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 knife	punct
29	like	like	ADP	_	31 knife	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 knife	det
31	knife	knife	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 edge	nmod
32	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 sharpens	nsubj
33	sharpens	sharpen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 knife	acl:relcl
34	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	33 sharpens	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 enamel	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	each front tooth	hard enamel	the front		tree rules
2	gnaw	gerund					vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	wear	present		the back		fast property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent back=Source
4	keep	present		a sharp chisel edge		like a knife	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Theme
5	sharpen	present	a knife	edge			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:316-rodents-the-biggest-group-of-mammals-and-their-ever-growing-teeth.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/316-rodents-the-biggest-group-of-mammals-and-their-ever-growing-teeth/3/