Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice, sentence 12

A North American porcupine has about 30,000 quills, stiff hairs with tiny barbs that work their way into skin; porcupines cannot shoot their quills.

Who acts: North American porcupine, tiny barbs, porcupines · What happens: have, work, not shoot · To what, where: 30,000 quills, way, skin, quills

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North American porcupine, tiny barbs, porcupines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 porcupine	det
2	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 porcupine	compound
3	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 porcupine	amod
4	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	about	about	ADV	_	7 30,000	advmod
7	30,000	30,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 quills	nummod
8	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 has	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hairs	punct
10	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hairs	amod
11	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 quills	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 barbs	case
13	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 barbs	amod
14	barbs	barb	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hairs	nmod
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 work	nsubj
16	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 barbs	acl:relcl
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 way	nmod:poss
18	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 work	obj
19	into	into	ADP	_	20 skin	case
20	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 work	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 shoot	punct
22	porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 shoot	nsubj
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 shoot	aux
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 shoot	advmod
25	shoot	shoot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 has	parataxis
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 quills	nmod:poss
27	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 shoot	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	have	present	a North American porcupine	30,000 quills and stiff hairs with tiny barbs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Patient
2	work	present	tiny barbs	Porcupines's way	skin	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent way=Material into skin=Product
3	not shoot	can	porcupines	Porcupines's quills		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/12/