Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice, sentence 14

The American and the African and Asian porcupines are only distant relatives, and many scientists think they grew quills separately.

Who acts: American, many scientists, Porcupines · What happens: be, think, grow · To what, where: distant relatives, quills · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (American, many scientists, Porcupines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 American	det
2	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 relatives	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 porcupines	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 porcupines	det
5	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 porcupines	amod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Asian	cc
7	Asian	Asian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 African	conj
8	porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 American	conj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 relatives	cop
10	only	only	ADV	_	12 relatives	advmod
11	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 relatives	amod
12	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 think	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 think	cc
15	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 scientists	amod
16	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 think	nsubj
17	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 relatives	conj
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 grew	nsubj
19	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 think	ccomp
20	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grew	obj
21	separately	separately	ADV	_	19 grew	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 relatives	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the American and the African porcupines	distant relatives		tree rules
2	think speech: other	present	many scientists			vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	grow	past	Porcupines = porcupine	quills	separately property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location quill=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/14/