Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice, sentence 16
Millions of chinchillas were hunted for fur coats in the 1800s and 1900s; both wild kinds are now endangered, and most pet chinchillas come from a few taken to the USA in the 1920s.
Who acts: most pet chinchillas · What happens: hunt, be, come, take · To what, where: Millions, 1800s, wild kinds, few, 1920s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (most pet chinchillas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hunted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 chinchillas | case |
| 3 | chinchillas | chinchilla | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Millions | nmod |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunted | aux:pass |
| 5 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 coats | case |
| 7 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 coats | compound |
| 8 | coats | coat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hunted | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 1800s | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 1800s | det |
| 11 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 5 hunted | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 1900s | cc |
| 13 | 1900s | 1900 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 11 1800s | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 endangered | punct |
| 15 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 kinds | det |
| 16 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 kinds | amod |
| 17 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 endangered | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 endangered | cop |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | _ | 20 endangered | advmod |
| 20 | endangered | endangered | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hunted | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 come | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 come | cc |
| 23 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 chinchillas | amod |
| 24 | pet | pet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 chinchillas | compound |
| 25 | chinchillas | chinchilla | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 come | nsubj |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunted | conj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 few | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 few | det |
| 29 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 come | obl |
| 30 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 few | acl |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 USA | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 USA | det |
| 33 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 taken | obl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 1920s | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 1920s | det |
| 36 | 1920s | 1920s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 30 taken | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hunted | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | past · passive | Millions of chinchillas | the 1800s and 1900s | for fur coats | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for coat=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present · passive | both wild kinds | now | endangered property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | come | present | most pet chinchillas | a few | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from few=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | take | participle | the 1920s | to the USA result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to usa=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/16/