Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice, sentence 7

Flying squirrels glide from tree to tree on a flap of skin between their front and back legs, so they need not climb down where predators wait; in 2019 scientists found their fur glows pink under ultraviolet light, and nobody knows why.

Who acts: Flying squirrels, squirrels, predators, scientists, fur, nobody · What happens: fly, glide, not climb down, wait, find, glow · To what, where: tree, 2019, ultraviolet light · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flying squirrels, squirrels, predators, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 squirrels	amod
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glide	nsubj
3	glide	glide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 tree	case
5	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glide	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 tree	case
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tree	nmod
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 flap	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 flap	det
10	flap	flap	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glide	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 skin	case
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flap	nmod
13	between	between	ADP	_	18 legs	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 legs	nmod:poss
15	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 legs	amod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 back	cc
17	back	back	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 front	conj
18	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 skin	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 climb	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	24 climb	advmod
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 climb	nsubj
22	need	need	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 climb	aux
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 climb	advmod
24	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 glide	conj
25	down	down	ADP	_	24 climb	compound:prt
26	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	28 wait	advmod
27	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 wait	nsubj
28	wait	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 climb	advcl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 found	punct
30	in	in	ADP	_	32 scientists	case
31	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	33 found	obl
32	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 found	nsubj
33	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 climb	parataxis
34	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 fur	nmod:poss
35	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 glows	nsubj
36	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 found	ccomp
37	pink	pink	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 glows	xcomp
38	under	under	ADP	_	40 light	case
39	ultraviolet	ultraviolet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 light	amod
40	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 glows	obl
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 knows	punct
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 knows	cc
43	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	44 knows	nsubj
44	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 found	conj
45	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	44 knows	advmod
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 glide	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	glide	present	Flying squirrels		tree to tree	on a flap of skin between squirrels's front legs	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme from tree=Source on flap=Trajectory
3	not climb down	present	squirrels = squirrel				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	wait	present	predators				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	find	past	scientists	2019			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
6	glow	present	squirrels's fur		ultraviolet light	pink property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under light=Location
7	know	present	nobody				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/7/