Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety, sentence 12

Bear cubs are born in the den in midwinter, tiny and blind, often under half a kilogram, and grow fast on rich milk before spring; a newborn giant panda is about a thousand times lighter than its mother.

Who acts: newborn giant panda · What happens: bear, grow, be · To what, where: Bear cubs, den, rich milk

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (newborn giant panda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cubs	compound
2	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 born	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 born	aux:pass
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 den	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 den	det
7	den	den	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 born	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 midwinter	case
9	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 born	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 tiny	punct
11	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cubs	appos
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 blind	cc
13	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tiny	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 kilogram	punct
15	often	often	ADV	_	19 kilogram	advmod
16	under	under	ADP	_	19 kilogram	case
17	half	half	DET	NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind	19 kilogram	det:predet
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 kilogram	det
19	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 born	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 grow	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 grow	cc
22	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 born	conj
23	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 grow	advmod
24	on	on	ADP	_	26 milk	case
25	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 milk	amod
26	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 grow	obl
27	before	before	ADP	_	28 spring	case
28	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 grow	obl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 panda	punct
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 panda	det
31	newborn	newborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 panda	amod
32	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 panda	compound
33	panda	panda	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 lighter	nsubj
34	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 lighter	cop
35	about	about	ADV	_	37 thousand	advmod
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 thousand	det
37	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	38 times	nummod
38	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 lighter	obl:unmarked
39	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 born	parataxis
40	than	than	ADP	_	42 mother	case
41	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 mother	nmod:poss
42	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 lighter	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 born	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		Bear cubs	the den		in midwinter; under half kilogram	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	grow	present			rich milk	spring	fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on milk=Location
3	is	present	a newborn giant panda			time	than bear's mother; light property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/12/